| Physiology of Meditation Techniques |
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Results
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The waveforms of A-kara, U-kara, Ma-kara and Om-kara were used as raw data to extract the following information:
(a) Short-time window patterns of the four voices displaying the periodicity of the signals.
(b) Energy-frequency spectra, with prominent frequencies and subhar- monics.
(c) Frequency-time spectra or spectro- grams.
(d) Hundred millisecond records of the waveforms as energy-frequency spectra.
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Only a small sample of the above results is presented here to illustrate the conclusions drawn. A full record of the above,running to 126 figures is available in Jina Devi1.
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Figures la and Ib show the waveforms for a female and a male voice, respectively for all the four letters—A, U, Ma and Om.This represents the direct recording on the
Fig. 1
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Fig. 2 |
computer, which is subjected to digital analysis. One can clearly recognise that A has a flat signal, U is initially flat but tapers off, Ma also tapers off like U, but Om displays
two segments, one for O and the other for M. This is in general true for all waveforms.
Figures2a and 2b show expanded waveforms, clearly indicating the periodic nature of the signals and the low noise level. This again is generally true of all signals recorded. This implies that the signals can be analysed as periodic functions and not as random signals.
Figures3 and 4 show respectively the energy-frequency spectra for the waveforms shownin figures I and 2. It is seen that the fundamental frequency for the female voice is approximately double that for the male voice. It is also seen that the energy content goes down to 1% of its peak value around the 4th subharmonic for the female voice and the 6th for the male voice. This is again the general trend for all cases studied.
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Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6 |
Figures 5 and 6 show spectrograms for the sample cases. Figure 5 is the energy- time spectrogram for the female voice for Om and figure 6 that for the male voice. The corresponding cases for A, U and Ma have not been shown here, but the general trends will be discussed in the next section.
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