PATANJALI’S YOGA SUTRAS AND HATHA YOGA

Semester: II
Sub Code : MS T 204
Credits: 4
Hours/Wk: 4
Total Hrs: 60
Exam Marks: 50
IA Marks: 50
Exam Duration: 3 Hrs

Chapter 1 (10 hours)
Introduction to Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, its Philosophy and Practices and Modern Psychology
i. Yoga, its meaning & purpose & a brief introduction to Patanjali’s Yoga Satras and its author.
ii. Nature of Yoga according to Patanjali in light of Vyasabhashya and other traditional commentators, Importance of Yoga Satra in comparison to other Yogic literature.
iii. Concept of Citta, Citta-bhamis, Citta-vrttis, Citta-vrtti nirodhopaya (Abhyasa and Vairagya) Citta-Vikshepas (Antarayas), Citta-prasadanam and its associates.
iv. Metaphysics of Samkhya & its relationship with Yoga Darshana of Patanjali, Philosophical Foundations & Practices of Patanjali’s Yogas, its importance & relevance and Yoga Samanvaya.
v. Concept of mind – eastern and western perspective; psychology principles and methods – TA, etc;

Chapter 2 (10 hours)
Samadhi Pada and Sadhana Pada
i. Kriya-yoga, Theory of Kleshas, Nature of Drshta & Drshya and means of elimination of Kleshas/ Vivekakhyati.
ii. Types and nature of Samadhi in Yoga Satra, Rtambharaprajna and Adhyatmaprasada.
iii. Samprajnata, Asamprajnata, Sabija & Nirbija Samadhi, Difference between Samapattis and Samadhi.
iv. Concept of Eshvara and qualities of Eshvara.

Chapter 3 (10 hours)
Concept of Vibhati and Kaivalya
i. Ashtamga Yoga: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi.
ii. Samyama & three Parinama of Samyama. The concept and description of Ashtha Siddhis.
iii. Nature of Kaivalya, Kaivalya in relation to Triguna and Dharmamegha Samadhi.
iv. Ashtamga Yoga & Kriya Yoga in Yoga Satras and their importance & relevance in modern age.

Chapter 4 (7 hours)
Hatha Yoga its Philosophy and Practices
i. Hatha Yoga, its meaning, definition, aims & objectives, misconceptions, obstacles (vighna) and helps (sahayaka) in Hatha Yoga as in Hatha Yoga Pradipika.
ii. The Origin of Hatha Yoga, Hatha Yogic Literature, Hatha Yogic Practices as explained in Hatha Yoga Pradipika (HYP).
iii. Concept of Mata, Rules & Regulations to be followed by the Hatha Yoga Practitioner, concept of Mitahara, Pathya and Apathya.
iv. Hatha Yogic parampara. Brief introduction to Great Hatha Yogis of Natha Cult and their contributions to Yoga. Relationship between Hatha Yoga & Raja Yoga.

Chapter 5 (8 hours)
Hatha Yoga Practices: Shodhana-Kriyas and Asanas
i. Shodhana-kriyas, Shodhana-kriyas in Hatha Yoga Pradipika & in Gheranta Samhita and their techniques, benefits and precautions.
ii. Role of Shodhana-kriyas in Yoga Sadhana and their importance in Modern day life.
iii. Yogasana: its definition, Salient features and importance in Hatha Yoga Sadhana.
iv. Äsanas in Hatha Yoga Pradipika and Gheranta Samhita: their techniques, benefits, precautions and importance.

Chapter 6 (8 hours)
Hatha Yogic Practices: Pranayama, Bandhas and Mudras
i. Pranayama – Mechanism of correct breathing, Yogic deep breathing, Concept of Paraka, Kumbhaka and Recaka.
ii. The concept of Prana, kinds of Prana and Upa-pranas, Pranayama and its importance in Hatha Yoga Sadhana, Nanishodhana Pranayama, its technique and importance, Pre-requisites of Pranayama.
iii. Pranayama practices in Hatha yoga pradipika and Gheranta Samhita, their techniques, benefits and precautions, Hatha Siddhi Lakshanam.
iv. Bandhas and role of Bandhatrayas in Yoga Sadhana.
v. Fundamental Mudras in HYP. and G.S, Their techniques, benefits and precautions.

Chapter 7 (7 hours)
Hathayoga Practices: Pratyahara, Nadanusandhana and Svarodaya Jnana
i. Concept of Pratyahara, Dharana and Dhyana in Gheranta Samhita and their techniques & benefits.
ii. Concept of Samadhi in Hatha-yoga Pradipika, Samadhi Lakshanam and Hatha Yoga Siddhi Lakshanam.
iii. The concept of Nada, Four Avasthas (stages) of Nadanusandhana, and its Siddhis.
iv. Svara, Importance of Svarodaya-jnana in Yoga Sadhana with special reference to Jnana Svarodaya and SHiva Svarodaya.

Text Books:
1. I. K. Taimini : The Science of Yoga, (The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar Chennai 2005)
2. Swami Satyananda Saraswati : Hatha Yoga Pub: BSY Mungher

Reference Books:
1. Woods, J.H. : The Yoga System of Patanjali (M.L.B.D., Delhi, 1988)
2. Swami Vivekananda : Rajayoga (Advaita Ashram, Culcutta, 2000).
3. Iyengar B.K.S. : Light on Patanjal Yoga (New York, Schocken Books, 1994)
4. Rukmini T.S. : Yoga Vartika of Vijnanbhikshu (Tr.) Vol I, II, III & IV (Munshiram Manoharlal Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi)
5. Swami : Patanjala Yoga Pradeepa Sri Omanandatirtha (Geeta Press, Gorakhapur, 1994)
6. Stephen Sturges : The Yoga Book (Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 2004)
7. Swami Jnanananda : Philosophy of Yoga(Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama, Mysore,)
8. Fenerstein, George : The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy Practice, (Bhavana Books and Prints, 2002)
9. Swami Anant Bharati : Patanjali Yoga Shasta- a study (Hindi) (Swami Keshwananda Yoga Sangthan, Delhi, 1982)
10. Swami Anant Bharati : Yoga Darshan-Yoga Prabhakar (Hindi) (Swami Keshwananda Yoga Sangthan, Delhi, 1982)
11. Swami Satyananda : Four Chapters of Freedom Saraswati (Bihar School of Yoga, 2000)
12. I. K. Taimini : The Science of Yoga (The Theosophical Publishing House, Adyar Chennai 2005)
13. Burley, Mikel : Hatha Yoga, Its Context Theory and Practice (M.L.B.D. Delhi, 2000)
14. Ghosh, Shyam : The Original Yoga (Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1999)
15. Burnier, Radha : Hathayoga Pradipika of Svatmarama (The Adyar Library publications, Chennai. 2000)
16. Swami Maheshanandaji : Shiva Samhita and Others (Kaivalyadhama, S.M.Y.M. Samiti, Lonavala,1999)
17. Woodroffe, Sir John : The Serpent power (Ganesh & Company, Madras, 2000)
18. Rukmini T.S. : Yoga Vartika of Vijnanbhikshu (Tr.) Vol I, II, III & IV (Munshiram Manoharlal Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi)
19. Bharati, Veda : Philosophy of Hatha Yoga (English) (Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy, 1998, 2nd Rev. ed.Pennsylvania).
20. Swami Muktibodhananda : Hatha Yoga Pradeepika, The light on Hathayoga, Saraswati (Bihar School of Yoga, Munger, 1985)
21. Swami Digambarji and : Hatha Pradeepika of Svatmarama Pt: Raghunatha Shastri (Kaivalyadhama, S.M.Y.M.Samiti, Lonavala, 1998)
22. Coulter, H David : Anatomy of Hatha yoga (Body and breath Inc USA, 2001).