Theory Electives for PhD in Yoga

DIVISION OF YOGA AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES

YLS T 1211
Yoga Therapy for common ailments 1 (2 Credits)
Yoga therapy for diseases related to Musculo-skeletal system and Cardio-Vascular system and
Respiratory system.
CARDIO-VASCULAR DISORDERS: Ischaemic heart disease; Hypertension; Peripheral vascular disease.
RESPIRATORY DISORDERS: Bronchial asthma; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD); Allergic rhinitis; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Sleep apnea; Snoring.
RHEUMATOLOGY, MUSCLE & BONE DISORDERS: Pain in the limbs & back; Rheumatoid arthritis; Osteoarthritis; Connective tissue disorders; Muscular dystrophy.
Books:
1. Yoga for common ailments and IAYT for different diseases.
2. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. International Edition. 14th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill Co. Inc., 1998.
3. A.K. Das (Ed.). Medicine Update. Bombay: Assoication of Physicians of India, 1998.

YLS T 1212
Yoga Therapy for Common ailments 2 (2 Credits)
YOGA THERAPY for diseases related to digestive system and Nervous system including Psychiatry.
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS: Acid peptic disease; Irritable bowel syndrome; Hepatitis
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: Migraine & Tension headache; Cerebro-vascular accidents;
Epilepsy; Pain; Autonomic dysfunctions; Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease; Multiple sclerosis; Refractory errors of vision.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE: Neurotic disorders; mood disorders; Schizophrenia; Chemical abuse; Eating disorders; Phobias; Mental retardation; Obsessive compulsive disorder.
Books:
1. Yoga for common ailments and IAYT for different diseases.
2. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. International Edition. 14th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill Co. Inc., 1998.
3. A.K. Das (Ed.). Medicine Update. Bombay: Assoication of Physicians of India, 1998.

YLS T 1213
Yoga Therapy for Common Ailments 3 (2 Credits)
Yoga therapy for diseases related to Endocrine system, Excretory system and Reproductive system Rehabilitation medicine, Geriatric medicine and Medical oncology.
ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS: Diabetes mellitus; Thyroid dysfunction; Disorders of adrenal cortex; Obesity.
OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY: Physiology of pregnancy; Pregnancy induced hypertension; Pre-eclampsia; Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR); Menstrual disorders (e.g., dysmenorrhoea, pre-menstrual syndrome); Infertility; Menopause.
REHABILITATION MEDICINE: Neurological disorders; Cardiac disorders; Musculo-skeletal disorders; Physical disabilities; Occupational health.
GERIATRIC MEDICINE
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Books:
1. Yoga for common ailments and IAYT for different diseases.
2. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. International Edition. 14th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill Co. Inc., 1998.
3. A.K. Das (Ed.). Medicine Update. Bombay: Association of Physicians of India, 1998.

YLS T 1221
Yoga Therapy and other Systems of healing (2 Credits)
Principles and practices of Ayurveda, Siddha, Homoeopathy, Naturopathy, Acupuncture including reflexology and acupressure, Pranic healing and Reiki, Hypnotherapy, Psycho-therapy, Gestalt therapy, Dynamic Psychiatry, mantra healing, chromotherapy, aroma therapy, etc.
Books:
1. New light for Asthmatics
Other related books and notes
1. M. Murray & J. Pizzorno. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine. California: Prima Publications, 1991.
2. H.L.Bansal & R.S. Bansal. Magnetotherapy: Self-Help book. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers, 1996.
3. W. F. Dieffenbach. Hydrotherapy: a brief summary of the Practical Value of Water in Disease. New York: Rebman Co..
4. Maharshi Forum of Natural Law and National Law for Doctors - Maharshi Mahesh Yogi Pub: Age of Enlightenment Publications India, 1996.

YLS T 1231
Nutrition and Yoga diet (3 Credits)
OBJECTIVE
To provide with the basic understanding about the principles and practice of nutrition and diet as understood by modern science.
To give the dimensions of diet as understood and practised in yoga, Naturopathy and Ayurveda.
SYLLABUS
Introduction to nutrition, diet, food; balanced diets, nutrition during health and disease; menu planning, recommended dietary allowances, therapeutic diets: Yogic diet, Ayurveda and diet: Naturopathy and diet.
Practical : Standardization of quantity, Menu planning: RDA calculation and exchange group, Therapeutic diets.
Books:
1/ Ballentine Nutrition and Diet. Pub: Himalayan Publishing House,

YLS T 1241
Biology & Consciousness ( 3 Credits)
Concept of life and new definition of living systems Darwin’s theory of evolution and its limitations; GAIA phenomena; molecular biology and life, non-linear modeling of living systems; Yoga and Living systems, concept of Prana; and Consciousness, Consciousness in biological systems.
Books:
1. Pranayama Fritjof Capra “Web of Life” Pub: Flamingo, USA, 1997

YLS T 1251
Brain, Neuro-physiology and Consciousness (3 Credits)
Modern science and mechanistic world-view, systemic approach in the study of human body, Nervous system and brain their anatomy and physiology; concept of consciousness as used in neuro-physiology; altered states of consciousness-normal, pathological and higher states.
Panca Koshas – the Annamaya, Pranamaya, Manomaya and other koshas as layers of consciousness and their features in relation to wakeful, dream and deep sleep states; Samadhis and various levels of super-consciousness
Books:
1. Taittiriya and Mandukya Upanishads in Eight Upanishads Translated by Swami Gambhirananda, Pub:Advaita Ashram: 9th Ed 1992

YLS T 1261
Psychology & Consciousness (3 Credits)
This course teaches the history of the development of psychology. Modern descriptions of types of mental illnesses, such as psychoses and neuroses, will be covered. The traditional outlooks on mental illnesses, such as depression and schizophrenia, will be examined. Course instruction includes lectures, classroom discussion and homework.
Books:
1. Carlos Castaneda, The Art of Dreaming Pub: Aquarian/ Thorsons, An Imprint of Harper Collins Publishers.

YLS T 1262
Para-psychology & Consciousness (3 Credits)
States of consciousness: waking, sleeping and dreaming, Hypnosis, stupor, coma, hibernation, starvation and oxygen deprivation.
States of superconsciousness (Samadhi), associated siddhis as described in Patanjali’s Yoga Sütras. Telepathy, Psychokinesis, Rebirth, Rebirth and Reincarnation, Lavitation, Materialization, etc.,
Books:
1. Taimini I K, The Science of Yoga.
2. Martin Ebon, The Signet Handbook of Parapsychology.
3. Gellor Papers, Scientific explorations of Gellor Phenomenon. Pub: New American Library.
4. Edger Caycee, Reincarnation.

YLS T 1271
Functional Anatomy & Bio-mechanics (3 Credits)
THEORY: 50 Marks
a. Body shape
b. Body composition
c. Proportionality
d. Posture
e. Muscular strength, endurance & power
f. Flexibility
g. Dexterity
h. Bio-mechanics
PRACTICAL: 50 Marks
a. Human electro-encephalography: method of recording of different types of EEG waves
b. Assessment of non-invasive autonomic function tests
c. Recording of a 12 lead electro-cardiogram
d. Determination of various lung volumes & lung capacities & calculation of maximum voluntary ventilation & forced expiratory volume by spirometry
e. Study of salient features of electro-myography
f. Determination of resting metabolic rate in humans
g. Measurement of cardio-vascular efficiency
h. Tests for ‘higher brain functions’
i. Methods in psychological testing
j. Demonstration of the following investigative techniques:
• CT scan
• Ultrasonography
• Angiography
• MRI
Books:
1. Medicine and Surgery in Ancient India K H Krishnamurthy : Yugayatri Publication.
2. Dr I M Thomas, Dr D K Srinivasa, Dr T Rajeshwari and Dr Sayee Rajangam,
3. Recent Trends in Basic and Applied Anatomy. Pub: Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.

YLS T 1272
Applied Physiology (3 Credits)
a. Nervous system: • Basics • Cerebral circulation & metabolism, • The autonomic nervous system, • Tone & Posture
• Special senses & endocrinology
• Pineal gland & melatonin,
• ‘Higher functions’
• Physiology of states of consciousness
b. Cardio-vascular system, • Dynamics of circulation, • Regulation of heart & blood vessels, • Indices of cardio-vascular efficiency • Homeostasis
c. Respiratory system • Pulmonary ventilation • Regulation of breathing • Gas exchange
d. Exercise Physiology • Metabolism and Nutrition • Kinesiology
e. Environmental physiology, • Physiological adapatations • Circadian rhythms
f. Psycho-physiology,
• Psycho-neuroimmunology
• Psycho-physiology of homeostasis
• Psycho-physiology of stress
• Psycho-physiology of sleep
• Psycho-biology of behaviour
• Psycho-physiology of emotional states

YLS T 1281
Recent advances 1 (3 credits)
Scientific research literature on psycho-physiological, biochemical, immunological & psychological effects of Yogasanas, Yoga kriyas, Pranayamas, Meditation techniques, Mudras & Bandhas.
Scientific studies on the application of Yoga as therapy & underlying mechanisms.

YLS T 1282
Recent advances 2 (3 credits)
Changing trends in health priorities; Psychosomatic medicine; Psycho-Neuro-Immunology; Spirituality & Health; Concept of Holistic & Integrative medicine; Stress: its causes, effects & management; Methods of modifying mind & behavior; Quantitative & qualitative research methodology
Book:
1. Research contribution of SVYASA

YLS T 1291
Independent Study (3 credits)

YLS T 12001
Research Methodology in Yoga and Life Sciences (3credits)
1. INTRODUCTION
I. The goal of research
II. The nature of research, reliability, and validity
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR RESEARCH
I. Formulating a hypothesis
(i.e. research strategy)
II. The ethics of research
III. Literature review
IV. Feasibility
3. OBSERVATION
I. Participant and observer observation
II. When observation is appropriate
III. Disadvantages / pitfalls
IV. Observer training & reliability
4. THE INTERVIEW
I. Standardized interviewing
II. Sequence and context
III. Advantages and pitfalls
5. SURVEY RESEARCH
I. When a survey is appropriate
II. Outlining the questions
III. Cross-sectional versus longitudinal surveys
6. QUASI-EXPERIMENTS
I. Interventions & naturally occurring changes
II. Field experiments
7. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
I. Subject selection (criteria, sample size, effect size, randomization)
II. Design of the study (descriptive/interventive/experimental/correlational/
retrospective/ prospective/ cross sectional/ longitudinal, studies)
8. COLLECTION OF DATA
I. Tools of measurement
II. The pilot study
9. ANALYSIS & PRESENTAION OF DATA
I. Levels / scales of measurement
II. Statistics – general remarks and descriptive statistics
III. Tabulation & graphical representation of data
IV. Choice of tests for inferential statistics
10. WRITING UP
I. Essentials
II. Gunning’s Fog Index
III. Writing project proposals for funding
IV. CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS
(POSTER, ORAL PRESENTATIONS)
V. Writing a paper
VI. Proofreading
VII. Writing a thesis
Reference books
1. Drummond, A. Research methods for therapists. Cheltenham: Stanley thornes (publishers) Ltd., 1998.
2. Russel A. Jones. Research methods in the social, behavioral and life sciences. Massachusetts: Sinauer associates, Inc., 1996.
3. Armstrong, D and Calnan, M. Research methods for general practitioners. Oxford: Oxford University press, 1990.