PATHOLOGY & GENETICS

Semester: II
Sub Code: BNYS T 206
Credits: 2
Hours/ Wk: 2
Total Hrs: 30
Exam Marks: 50
IA Marks: 50
Exam Duration: 3Hrs

Chapter 1: (5 hours)
General Pathology 1. Definition and various branches in Pathology
2. Scientific study of disease and methodology.

Chapter 2: (10 hours)
The cell and the reaction of cell, tissue and organ to injury 1. Structure of cell and its functions.
2. Causes and nature of cell injury
3. Toxic substances, Physical agents and lack of nutrients
4. Infectious agents and Parasites
5. Immune mechanisms and genetic defects.

Chapter 3: (10 hours)
Reaction of cell to injurious agents 1. Lethal injury –necrosis and gangrene
2. Sub lethal injury
a. Cloudy swelling
b. Fatty changes in liver, heart and kidney
c. Glycogen infiltration and Hyaline degeneration
d. Lipid degeneration gaucher’s disease
e. Mucoid degeneration
3. Excessive or abnormal accumulations: i) Amyloid
4. Pathological calcifications

Chapter 4: (8 hours)
Inflammation and repair 1. Definition, classification and nomenclature
2. Acute inflammation
a. Cardinal signs of inflammation
b. Vascular and cellular Phenomenon,
c. Cells of exudates
d. Chemical mediators
e. Tissue changes in acute inflammation
3. Fate, types and systemic effects of acute inflammation

Chapter 5: (5 hours)
Chronic Inflammation 1. Difference between acute and repair
2. Definition of granuloma

Chapter 6: (5 hours)
Wound healing 1.Restitution, regeneration and repair
2.Repair of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue
3.Primary union and secondary union
4.Mechanism involved and factors modifying repair process

Chapter 7: (8 hours)
Granulomas 1. Classification of granulomas
2. Tuberculosis, genesis and fate of tubercle, primary and secondary tuberculosis.
3. Definition, classification and pathology of leprosy.
4. Aquired primary, secondry and tertiary stages of syphilis.
5. CNS Syphilis, CVS Syphilis and gumma, congenital syphilis.
6. Actinomycosis, maduramycosis and rhinosporidiosis.

Chapter 8: (5 hours)
Immunopathology

Chapter 9: (4 hours)
Genetic disorders 1. Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turners syndrome, Down’s syndrome

Text Books:
1. Pathological basis of disease - Robbins, Cotran and Kumar
2. Text book of pathology - N. C. Dey

Reference Books:
1. Textbook of Pathology : Anderson
2. Systemic Pathology : Simmers
3. Medical Laboratory Technology : Ramnik Sood