ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Semester: I
Sub Code: BNYS P 103
Credits: 4
Hours/ Wk: 8
Total Hrs: 120
Exam Marks: 50
IA Marks: 50
Exam Duration: 3Hrs

Anatomy:(30 hours)
Dissection/demonstration of dissected parts of :-
1. Upper limb.
2. Lower limb.
3. Thorax, abdomens & pelvis.
4. Head & neck.
5. Brain & spinal cord.
6. Organs of special senses.
7. Cranial nerves.

Refferences:
1. Cunningham’smanualof practical anatomy - C. J. Romanes Volumes I, II, & III - 15th Ed.

Physiology:(30 hours)

Part - I
Chapter 1: Hematology experiment 1. Collections of blood, study of fresh drop of blood, effects of isotonic, hyper tonic and hypotonic saline on RBCs.
2. Enumeration of RBCs (RBC count).
3. Estimation of Hemoglobin.
4. Packed Cell Volume (PCV).
5. Determination of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).
6. Enumeration of WBC (Total count).
7. Differential WBC count (Differential count).
8. Determination of Clotting Time and Bleeding Time.
9. Enumeration of Platelets (Platelet Count).

Chapter 2: Human physiology experiments;
1. Recording of blood pressure in human beings and study effects of exercise on blood pressure.
2. Electrocardiography (demonstration).
3. Clinical examination of CVS and radial pulse.
4. Determination of tidal volume, Insplratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory capacity, expiratory capacity, vital capacity and forced expiratory volume (all experiments are to be arranged for demonstration).
5. Stethoscopy, Pulse and Respiration.
6. Normal Body Temperature and Temperature Chart with Correlation.
7. Clinical examination of respiratory system.
8. Plethysmography.
9. Clinical examination of CNS.
a. Motor functions.
b. Sensory functions.
c. Cranial nerves.
d. Reflexes – superficial and deep.
10. Determination of Vital Capacity and Maximum Ventilator Volume with Spirometry (Demonstration).

Note:
The above 10 human physiology experiments are to be conducted with demonstration as a joint venture by physiologists and the clinical faculty if necessary.

Part-II (Only for demonstration to students by teaching staff)
Chapter 1: Amphibian Experiments (Muscles)
1. Study of commonly used apparatus in experimental physiology for muscle experiments.
2. Gastronemius-sciatic preparation of frog.
3. Recording simple muscle twitch from G.S. preparation of frog.
4. Effects of successive estimuli on G.S preparation of frog.

Chapter 2: Amphibian Experiments (Heart)
1. Recording a cardiogram.
2. Effects of warmth and cold on sinus venosus of frog’s heart.
3. Effects of 1st and 2nd stannius ligature on frog’s heart.
4. Effect of cat-ions Na, K and chloride.

Text Books:
1. Text book of Medical Physiology - A. C. Guyton
2. Review of Medical Physiology - W. F. Ganong
3. Concise text book of Medical Physiology - Choucfhary
4. Text book of Physiology - C. S. Chatterjee
5. Medical Physiology - K. Sembuiingum and P. Sembulingum

Reference books:
1. Best and Taylor’s Physiological basis of Medical Practice
2. Practical Physiology - Ghai
3. Practical Physiology - Ranade